The Argument About College Admission Essay Topics

The Argument About College Admission Essay Topics Some terrible topics show admissions officers which you don't have a superior awareness of judgment or maturity, which is a problem as they are building a category of college students who have in order to manage independent life on campus. If you're beginning to feel frustrated or overwhelmed by your essay, take a rest and do something different. Thus, the essay is supposed to coincide with the applicant's qualities and interests in order for it to boost the possibility of admission. A strong essay can provide you the very best opportunity to get in the school that you dream about. Neither is a great thing, since they're searching for people that are open to receiving new information from professors and not only deciding they know everything already. Also, bear in mind that no college is eager to admit a person who is too close-minded to gain from being taught by other people. Every student necessitates help with homework from time to time. What Does College Admission Essay Topics Mean? Unfortunately, stumbling in the TMI zone of essay topics is more prevalent than you believe. Pay for essay writing online an acceptable price and select an academic writer who will give an original and total well-researched college paper in return. While you could be convinced your essay is certain to impress the admission committee for its...uh. Writing an essay can appear to be a troublesome undertaking, but nevertheless, it shouldn't be. You can also get in touch with your writer to supply some additional recommendations or request information regarding the order's progress. So you don't actually wish to obtain a topic! Read One of the greatest methods to develop into a better writer is to read more! Your response shouldn't be a book report. What Everybody Dislikes About College Admission Essay Topics and Why When choosing topics, you should think about what you'd prefer the admissions committee to understan d. As a consequence, spending money to manage your essays could be challenging. Fine, but you must be ready to write whatever you really feel like writing from a college that might not be your first alternative. You've got to compose several academic papers over the duration of a year. College Admission Essay Topics - Is it a Scam? Furthermore, you have to allow experts to share ideas about how to write quality essays. If you don't wish to fail, our website is the very best destination featuring loyal rates, wonderful quality and 100% guarantee of succeeding. If you would like assistance with your application documents, we are the ideal individuals to aid you. If you're applying to a college that doesn't accept the Common App, you will have to answer their particular essay questions. Wonderful college admissions essays can't be written every day or just a week. It is crucial to capture the interest of the admission tutors irrespective of how strict they may appear to be. Admissions officers don't expect you to be perfect, and therefore don't make your essay unbelievable by attempting to pretend that you're. If you've already graduated from college or university and are looking for an excellent job, you want to get a persuasive resume to impress your future employer. It's quite important to demonstrate your capacity to be a thorough observer of the Earth, since that will be one of your chief jobs as a college student. Since there's a pool of applicants competing for limited chances in a specific college or school, it's important for a student to use every opportunity they must compose the ideal essay. Explain your commitments, and you'll be the type of student colleges find immensely attractive. Community colleges also referred to as junior colleges offer you a twoyear degree known as the associate's degree. When writing about a renowned individual, essays should concentrate on the very first encounter and impression. Your essay is an exceptional reflection of who you are as an individual. It should be original. If you are in need of a well-crafted essay, then you can depend on us to deliver. Colleges can tell whenever your essay is simply a form essay. The way to the best essay is via WritePaperFor.Me. Nowadays it's quite hard to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. The sports essay is predictable and ought to be avoided, if at all possible.

Racism At The United States - 926 Words

After being arrested in the United States, African Americans are 52% more likely to be detained than whites while facing a felony trial. For decades, Americans were being judgmental towards each other based on the complexion of another person’s skin. It is now 2015, and racism is still a big factor in our country. So, why does racism still exist after all these year? Racism will always be the thorn in our sides that keeps our country from truly accepting our differences and our opinions or lifestyles. African Americans are the most targeted racial group when it comes to racism in America because defiance and hatred for black people is an essential part of Euro/Americanized culture. As the young African American is leaning down to drink water, there’s another fountain to his left. These fountains can be exemplified as how black and whites were separated from having equality and the same rights. The one that looks better and splendid, is used for whites. While the fount ain that African Americans drink from, looks older and less appealing. Even though the water may have tasted the same, the quality of what black people had possessed wasn’t the same as whites, and that had an effect on society. It made our society discriminate ones race with no purpose or reasoning. According to the CNN.com, cultural discrimination results from social stereotyping and leads to poor communication and interpersonal relationships. Because of racism, humans will always have a judgement likeShow MoreRelatedRacism in the United States787 Words   |  3 PagesRacism is the trend of thought, or way of thinking, which attaches great importance to the notion of the existence of separate human races and superiority of races that are usually associated with inherited physical characteristics or cultural events. Racism is not a scientific theory, but a set of preconceived opinions they value the biological differences between humans, attributing superiority to some accor ding to racial roots. Even in such ethnically diverse country as the United States, racismRead MoreRacism And The United States1053 Words   |  5 PagesMost countries would say that the United States does not have a culture, but it is actually the opposite. There are so many cultures the United States harbors that we cannot choose just one culture as our flag. Most of them are borrowed from other countries via immigrants but there is one culture specific to the United States. Black Culture is unique to the United States, and it is faced with its possible destruction. The problem is prevalent enough to spawn TV shows and movies that discuss suchRead MoreRacism And The United States1178 Words   |  5 Pages America is internationally viewed as a land where all races, ethnicities and people have equal representation and freedom of equality. Not only, is this international recognition what makes the United States a divergent society, but it is the principles that we were established on that makes us a well-functioning society. Although, these American principles elude to a liberating, symbolic, and personal appeal, it is internally flawed by governments beyond the beltway. Corruption is the root of allRead MoreThe Racism Of The United States2154 Words   |  9 PagesPolitical Racism in United States Philosopher Kwame Gyekye defines the human affairs that means the experience of human beings. To distinguish relevant information and to dissect human activities, â€Å"essential universalism† and â€Å"contingent universalism† are defined its components and purpose with the limited discernment of humans and their undertakings. A large portion of this section is devoted the development of human behavior in this phenomena. My research paper will talk about the genre of racismRead MoreRacism During The United States1282 Words   |  6 PagesRacism in the United States Whites seemingly have always thought they were somehow superior to colored people. Whites in England conquered half the world just to show how powerful they were. Spaniards used Native Americans as slaves to mine gold in the early days of Mexico. America relied on slaves to farm for them or perform household chores. After slavery was abolished in most countries, racism prevailed. In the United States whites established the â€Å"Separate but Equal† idea. For example, whitesRead MoreRacism : The United States Of America885 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in The United States of America Racism has been part of American History since the beginning of the Countries origin. This issue includes the mistreatment of The Native Americans that were forced out of their lands and placed on reservations to black slaves being brought here from Africa. Throughout the history of this great nation people of the U.S. have moved away from these racist beliefs, yet, it is still a relevant issue in today’s society. Today slavery is no longer an institution, andRead MoreRacism in the United States Essay898 Words   |  4 Pagescommunity garnered the bulk of the destruction, but when investigated closely, such an assumption would be proven to be absurd. Of course, racism has not been entirely eradicated from the American society, and no one racial group can honestly plead complete innocence to displaying racist behavior at one time or another. Singling out an entire group of people in a racism accusation is ridiculous, to say the least. There is a considerable lack of documen ted support for his claim; the basis of his argumentRead MoreRacism Today in the United States1549 Words   |  7 PagesRacism Today in the United States After living in a place like Bend Oregon for 18 years I haven’t ever noticed a difference between blacks and whites. Bend has been said to be â€Å"one of the whitest places to live†, yet I never viewed a city by its race. Being racist to me meant that it was the whites who had a problem with the blacks and whites didn’t want anything to do with blacks. I hadn’t actually seen racism in action from anyone here. Now, after watching the film Crash and reading the essaysRead MoreRacism And Discrimination : The United States1260 Words   |  6 Pagesremember when racism and discrimination was an immense element that held people back in society. Race has always been a social construction in the United States, created in the minds of Americans and manifested through interactions but yet remains as a false determination of a human being. When we think back to earlier times many immigrants came over because of the â€Å"American Dream,† an idea that every citizen can have equal opportunities to achieve and live successful lives. The United States was the lighthouseRead MoreRacism And Ethnic Separation Of The United States1386 Words   |  6 PagesRacism and ethnic separation in the United States has been a noteworthy issue subsequent to the provincial period and the slave time. Legitimately or socially endorsed benefits and rights were given to White Americans that were not allowed to Native Americans, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Latin Americans. European Americans (especially Anglo Americans) were conceded select benefits in matters of training, migration, voting rights, citizenship, land procurement, and criminal method

Project Management Methodology Body of Knowledge

Question: Explain and justify itself within the context of the case study using the course and peer reviewed material. You are encouraged to review Kerzner Chapter 21 and the PMI Managing Change in Organizations for an indication of the context and content of your plan. You will be graded upon how well your continuous improvement plan has been completed and how well you argue that it reflects the requirements of the organisation in the case study that you select. Answer: Introduction The project management is significant section of the management and it plays vital role in accomplishing the objective and goals of the project. Therefore, project is mainly a short term endeavour of the company, which provide measurable advantages to the companies that has taken the project. The project helps in exploring new product or services (A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide), 2004). Effective project management help in completion the project in required time schedule as well as in the predefined budget of the project. It is evident that the maxim um number of project fails to accomplish its desired goals and objectives because of futile planning, inefficient scheduling, ineffective estimating, futile cost control and unsteady objectives. Here project management helps in effective as well as systematic planning of entire resources as well as the time schedule of the project become more efficient and practical so that the project can be completed w ithin the predefined time period as well as the schedule budget so that from the project the company which undertake the project can achieve desirable profit from the project (Campbell, 2010). Continuous improvement is one of the important aspects of the project management with the help of effective project management methodology a company can accomplish contentious improvement throughout the project. Main body The project management practice and project management procedures and practices are advancing in constant way because the cost and scope of the vital projects are consistently improving. The industries accept the project management and change in the project management practices that have taken place at the astonishing rate. All the organizations desire the excellence in the project management (Collins, 2011). The strategic planning for the project management is often performed at the middle management level. The management supports the role and gives fund together with the employees release time for efforts. The organizations performs the strategic planning for the new goods and services with the implementation of well out plans and executing plans. The foundation to achieve the excellence in the project management is described as maturity model of the project management that is comprised of around five levels. Thus, the five levels are the common processes, common language, benchmar king singular methodology, and continuous improvement. The companies mature in the project management are having the tendency to manage the multiple projects (Heagney, 2012). Therefore, initial momentum may come from sponsoring of the project or from the project managers. However, there are different factors that support the management of the multiple projects and cost to maintain all the projects. The risk and magnitude of projects state whether part time or full time assignments are essential. However, assigning the project manager on the activities requires over management cost. The mangers are sharing the accountability with the project managers for the successful completion of the projects (Heerkens, 2002). The project managers manage all the levels of WBS with managers accepting the accountability for the work packages at levels of WBS. The project managers spends time integrating the work rather than scheduling and planning the functional activities. Thus the senior managemen t provides quality training to their project managers and enhancing the benefits of multiple projects. The project managers are becoming business oriented as well as technical oriented and they are expected to present their information on the business risks. The capacity planning will help to plan, determine and evaluate the project as well as implementation of resources in the project (Hyvri, 2006). The documentation in an appropriate way will accelerate the maturity process of the project management and supporting all the levels of the management and improving the communication in the project. The project management procedures, guidelines, policies and forms can provide the tools to delineate the process and the format for processing, communicating and gathering the data in the project in an orderly way and standardized format (Lester and Lester, 2007). Therefore, it requires the participation of project team which includes support departments, top management and subcontractors. The procedural document helps to: Provide uniformity and guidelines Communicate information effectively and clearly Standardize formats of data Providing basis for the analysis Ensuring agreements of the document for the future reference Minimize paperwork Refuel commitments Minimize confusion and conflicts Building experience method and track for future projects The main purpose of the project management system is to increase possibility that the company would have continuous stream to manage the project. The project methodologies are designed to support the culture of the organization. The organizations become excellence in the project management and the benefits is better performance and less work (Mascia, 2014). The horizon planning indicates that the time point for the capacity planning. It indicates that the employees are needed to approve the internal projects for all the work that is expected through the competitive bidding. Therefore, the project management determines the objectives of the plans and critical path of the project. The organization would replace the description of the job with the competency models (Maylor, 2010). The description of the job for the project management tends to emphasize the expectations and deliverables from the project manager. The project manager expects to have the competencies in the following three areas: Technical/scientific skills Leadership skills Process skills The main advantage of the competency model is allows training department in order to develop a customized the training programs in the project management to satisfy the requirements. The competency model helps to focus on the specialized skills to help the project manager to make more efficient and effective use of the time (Mehta, 2007). The organizations would find and impalement necessary strategies in order to maintain specialist architecture on their staff. The project manager is responsible to determine and evaluate risk as well as implementing appropriate strategies for the success of the project. The allocation of resources, providing training to the staff members and aim to complete the projects is the main duty of the project manager. Four phases in the Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle The four phases of the PDCA cycle represents the plan, do, check and the art cycle that helps in the changing and the continuation of the process of the project management. It also helps in the provision of the details of the statistical policy control that are requisite for the creation of the product that helps in the proper creation of the approach for gaining the relevant changes that helps in the proper construction of the project management system in the organisation (Milosevic , 2003). Thus for the proper enhancement of the quality management in the organisation, the following steps helps to gain the systematic changes in the environment and thus it also helps in the construction of the cycles that involves are as follows:- Plan : The plan is the initial step for the brining the quality management in the project management and thus it also helps in the initialization of the identification system that are useful for the proper analyzing of the problems that creates the barrier for the quality management in the system of the project management. Do: The Do dents the development and the assessment of the potential solutions that are required for the creation of the growth and thus it also helps in the analysing the potential barrier assessments for the proper creation of the potential solutions for the quality management in the project management system. Check: The measuring of the effective data helps in showing the proper process that helps in the creation of the potential data that are required for the enhancement of the solutions that helps in providing the potential path for the development. Thus it also helps in enhancing the models that provides the initial step for the application of the selected problems. Action: - The actions indicate the implementation of the extracted solutions through th process of checking and thus it also helps in the proper platform for the implementation of the action in the organisation. Thus it also helps in the development of the strategies and thus it also helps in the enhancement of the strategies and thus it also helps creation of the proper plat form for the implementation of the services. And thus it also and thus it also helps in the improvement also helps in the development of the proper process for the creation of the project. Thus it fruitfully helps in the proper project management process for the successful completion of the project. The above PDCA model is used for the process of carrying out the tender process with the proper enhancement of the risks and the allocation of the resources. It also helps in the providing the internal audit services with the proper mitigation of the risks and thus it also helps in detecting the risks in the management meeting of the department for successfully carrying out the internal audit meetings. The uses of the PDCA is generally extended throughout the common phases that helps in the determining the business process improvement that is commonly seen in the business process, quality management, performance management and the process improvement with the creation of the competitive nature in the organisation (Mir and Pinnington, 2014). The flow diagram of the PDCA also helps in the improvement of the service changes in the delivery of the products and the services and thus it also helps in the creation of the proper management of the system. Thus it also helps in the proper changes in the management of the services. It also helps in the proper enhancement of the quality management tools that are crucial for bringing the changes in the environment of the business of the organisation. The PDCA methodology also helps in the creation of the continuous loop that helps in the proper creation of the services that are required for the development of the services and thus it provides an ideal model for solving the problems. It thus also helps in the creation of the continuous improvement that helps in the process improvement of the cycles (Olivero, 2014). It also includes the implementation of the new projects or the implementation plans that are required for the creation of the implementation program for the development of the inbuilt plan and also helps in the creation of the process implementation. Illustration or drawing of your continuous improvement plan of project management For the purpose of the continuation of the proper project management in an organisation there are certain implementation steps which need to be focused for the proper development of the infrastructure of an organisation (Patel, 2008). Thus, the proper project management that is used in the system helps in the proper continuation of the steps that are as follows:- Infrastructure should be maintained with conducting the proper plans for the development of the system with providing the facility to cope up with the location of the plans. Management issues are resolved with the help of the proper continuation of the process of the project management which also helps in the proper implementation of the project management with the successful implementation of the quality of the budget level (Project manager competency development (PMCD) framework, 2007). proper maintenance and the improvement of the personal skills takes place which helps in strengthening the key points and also helps in the creation of a suitable environment in the system and thus it also helps in the development of the systems. The software packages implementation also helps in the proper formation of the organisation of the system sharing and the communication build-ups with the advancement of the technological development. The hardware process is used for the categorising the product category and thus it also helps in the proper improvement of the systems and also the products can be properly categorised by the implementation of the hardware process. Conclusion: This project management report is related to the development of the strategies that are required for the development of the project and thus it also helps in the enhancement of the structures of the organisation. It shows the enhancement of the peer reviewed journals that are given for the proper enhancement of the project. Thus it shows the PDAC plan for the purpose of the improvement process and it also shows the improvement plan with the illustration and the diagram of the improvement plan. References A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide). (2004). Newtown Square, Pa.: Project Management Institute. Campbell, C. (2010).The one-page project manager for execution. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Collins, R. (2011).Project management. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Heagney, J. (2012).Fundamentals of project management. New York: American Management Association. Heerkens, G. (2002).Project management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hyvri, I. (2006). Project management effectiveness in project-oriented business organizations.International Journal of Project Management, 24(3), pp.216-225. Lester, A. and Lester, A. (2007).Project management, planning and control. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. Mascia, A. (2014). Project manager: leader, influencer e conflict manager.PROJECT MANAGER (IL), (20), pp.19-23. Maylor, H. (2010).Project management. Harlow, England: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Mehta, R. (2007).Project management. Jaipur: Aavishkar Publishers. Milosevic , D. (2003).Project management toolbox. Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley Sons. Mir, F. and Pinnington, A. (2014). Exploring the value of project management: Linking Project Management Performance and Project Success.International Journal of Project Management, 32(2), pp.202-217. Olivero, M. (2014). Event Project Manager.PROJECT MANAGER (IL), (18), pp.4-4. Patel, V. (2008).Project management. Jaipur, India: Oxford Book Co. Project manager competency development (PMCD) framework. (2007). Newtown Square, Pa.: Project Management Institute.

The Crucible Essays (211 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible 1. The Crucible ?The Play in Four Acts? 2. Arthur Miller 3. Viking Penguin, October 1976 4. No Edition 5. Rev. Samuel Parris- A Reverend Rev. John Hale- a specialist in witch hunting. John Proctor- A farmer who had an affair with Abigail. But he denies it. Abigal- Has a crush on John Proctor which turns into the Salem which trials. She is Rev Samuel Parris' niece. Also the leader of the group of girls. Judge Danforth- also a Deputy Governor. judge 6. 1. It begins with a group of young women caught in a spell to attract lovers. 2. A Salem meeting takes place in court. They are trying to find out about the witch craft going on. 3. a group of girls accuse an increasing number of innocent townspeople of cavorting with Satan. 7. 8. Set in 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts. 9. A witch hunt which eventually leads to the complaint and trial of scores of townspeople. Eventually nineteen die. 10. nope 11. The irony of a man who gives up his name in an attempt to save his friends, and then later gives up his life in order to save his name. It is all weird. 12. I sorta liked the story, but Im not really into the witchcraft stuff. I would only recommend this story to people that like witchcraft. American History

Free Essays on Enlightenment

The Enlightenment is a name given by historians to an intellectual movement that was main period in the Western world during the 18th century. The Age of Enlightenment was a period that took place after the Renaissance and is characterized by profound changes in the mind and attitude, and lives of many Europeans. Strongly influenced by the rise of modern science and by the result of the long religious conflict that followed the Reformation, the People of the Enlightenment (who were called philosopher in France) were committed to worldly views based on reason or human understanding only, which they hoped would provide a basis for changes that would affect every area of life and thought. There were many changes that took place during the Enlightenment. Some of the most effective changes had to do with technological aspects, which made a huge change in the religious, political, and social aspects of European life. When all of the new technological aspect of life came in to the world a lot of things were much easier to do and control. A lot of the other changes that happened had to do with reasoning, it was known as a period of reasoning. At the start of the seventeen hundreds, came the Age of Enlightenment. During this time, there existed a strong desire for knowledge, readiness to exchange new ideas, and a belief that rational thought and action could help solve problems. Man had become mature enough to find his own way. The people became leaders, instead looking at ancient times, and following the ancient Greek traditions and ideas. There was a drive to understand nature and the natural world by methods of science. The enlightenment was a time was people began to question politics, religions and society. Ideas were attacked with new ideas that governed logic and reason. During the enlightenment there was a religious revolution, a scientific revolution, a technological revolution and a revolution in the attitudes and minds of man all t... Free Essays on Enlightenment Free Essays on Enlightenment The Enlightenment is a name given by historians to an intellectual movement that was main period in the Western world during the 18th century. The Age of Enlightenment was a period that took place after the Renaissance and is characterized by profound changes in the mind and attitude, and lives of many Europeans. Strongly influenced by the rise of modern science and by the result of the long religious conflict that followed the Reformation, the People of the Enlightenment (who were called philosopher in France) were committed to worldly views based on reason or human understanding only, which they hoped would provide a basis for changes that would affect every area of life and thought. There were many changes that took place during the Enlightenment. Some of the most effective changes had to do with technological aspects, which made a huge change in the religious, political, and social aspects of European life. When all of the new technological aspect of life came in to the world a lot of things were much easier to do and control. A lot of the other changes that happened had to do with reasoning, it was known as a period of reasoning. At the start of the seventeen hundreds, came the Age of Enlightenment. During this time, there existed a strong desire for knowledge, readiness to exchange new ideas, and a belief that rational thought and action could help solve problems. Man had become mature enough to find his own way. The people became leaders, instead looking at ancient times, and following the ancient Greek traditions and ideas. There was a drive to understand nature and the natural world by methods of science. The enlightenment was a time was people began to question politics, religions and society. Ideas were attacked with new ideas that governed logic and reason. During the enlightenment there was a religious revolution, a scientific revolution, a technological revolution and a revolution in the attitudes and minds of man all t...

How to Use the French Expression Cest la Vie

How to Use the French Expression Cest la Vie The very old, very common French idiomatic expression Cest la vie,  pronounced  say la vee, has been around the world and back as a mainstay in dozens of cultures. In France, its still used in the same sense as always, as a sort of restrained, slightly fatalistic lamentation that this is how life is and theres not much you can do about it. It seems natural that this expression is often said with a shrug of the shoulders and a bemused, but furrowed brow. In English, it is translated as Thats life, and Such is life.  A vulgar slang equivalent in English would be Sh happens. Non-French Speakers Prefer the French Original The French Cest la vie, surprisingly,  is preferred in non-French cultures, and Cest la vie is used far more in English than in French. But  unlike many expressions  that English speakers have borrowed from French, the meaning is the same in both languages. Cest la vie,  even in English,  is a sad, Chaplin-esque acknowledgment  that something less than ideal must be accepted because thats just the way life is. Here is an exchange highlighting the fatalism inherent in this expression: Il a perdu son boulot et sa maison le mà ªme jour, tu te rends compte  ?   He lost his job and his home the same day. Can you imagine?Cest la vie !  Ã‚   Cest la vie! / Thats life! Variations on the Theme, Some Good, Some Not Cest la guerre Thats war. Cest la vie, cest la guerre, cest la pomme de terre. Thats life, thats war, thats the potato. (Only English speakers use this strange saying.) In French, Cest la vie can also be used non-fatalistically. As such,  the emphasis is on the  presentative cest introducing la vie and the idea that were talking about something thats essential to life or a particular way of life, as in:Leau, cest la vie.   Water is life. Cest la vie de famille qui me manque.   Its family life that I miss. Vivre dans le besoin, cest la vie dartiste.   Living in poverty is the life of an artist. Related Expressions Cest la vie de chà ¢teau (pourvu que à §a dure).   This is the good  life. Live it up (while it lasts). Cest la belle vie ! This is the life! La vie est dure ! Life is hard! Cest la bonne. Its the right one. Cest la  Bà ©rà ©zina. Its bitter defeat / a lost cause. La vie en rose Life through rose-colored glasses La  vie  nest  pas en rose. Life is not so beautiful. Cest  la  zone ! Its a pit here! Cest la vie, mon pauvre vieux  ! Thats life, my friend! Alternate Versions of Cest la Vie Bref, cest la vie ! Anyway, thats life! Cest  la  vie.  / Cest  comme cela. /  La  vie  est  ainsi faite. Life is life. Cest  la  vie.  / On ny peut rien. / Cest  comme à §a.   Ã‚  Thats the way the ball bounces. / Thats the way the cookie crumbles Examples of Usage Je sais que cest frustrant, mais  cest la vie.​   I know it is frustrating, but thats life.   C’est la vie, c’est de la comà ©die et c’est aussi du cinà ©ma.  Ã‚  Thats life, thats comedy, and thats  cinema, too. Alors il ny a rien faire. Cest la vie! Theres nothing to be done then. Cest la vie!

Legal Issues in Sports Gambling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Legal Issues in Sports Gambling - Essay Example With the advent of increased online gambling activities, there had been confusion because a majority of laws applied to gambling in sports and other forms of bet taking were in use long before the internet came into widespread use and were at the discretion of states. Further, laws relating to cyberspace have been hard to craft while older laws are open to broad interpretations in this context. Bills’ seeking to create laws to regulate online gambling has mostly ended in failure. However, Illinois passed legislation which strictly bars advertising of online casinos in the state (Illinois Gambling Laws, 2012). In reference to the Gambling and Related Offences 2012 (US), section 28(1) one is said to commit gambling offence when, he or she makes a wager upon the result of a game. Brief history of sports gambling. Ever since, sporting activities started, people have had the urge to bet on the outcome. Nowhere else is gambling as widespread as in the United States. Thompson (2001), in his research identified the founding fathers of the United States as natural risk takers; therefore the attraction to take part in all forms of gambling was rather inherent. Humphrey (2012), in his research, stated that, in the initial days of United States, the colonists used to gamble on anything ranging from bare-knuckle brawls to cockfights and makeshift horse races.... Thompson (2001) confirmed many colorful characters and factors have played a role in the  growth  of sports gambling, but what is  obvious  is that sports gambling are here to stay despite efforts by various governments’ attempts to curtail its  growth. Sometime back, a sport betting was just a  negligible  part  in  human, social life, but nowadays it runs from the professional bettor, the middle class  family  to the common man on the street (Ziming  and Shaffer, 2009). The effect of this has been that professional bookmakers and gamblers have resulted to bribery of participants and other  uncouth  activities. Horse racing was the first sport which recorded  widespread  bet  activity  due to its increased popularity especially in the United Sates. During the initial years, this was a  game  for the upper class, but after the  end  of civil war, horse tracks appeared and dotted eastern landscapes attracting bettors from every econom ic sector in United States (Thompson, 2001). The peak of horse racing was in 1920s and  decline  began in 1930s. Currently, Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act 2006 (US) has  section  5363 and 5366 which has criminalized taking of money from bettors by online gaming website operators but excludes online betting on horse racing activities from its list of illegal gambling activities. However, these bets must be  legal  at the two ends of online connection (Humphrey, 2012). Formation of professional leagues, they diverted attention of gamblers and made a majority of them  abandon  horse race betting for other areas such as professional baseball. Use of  pool  cards’ became  common  especially in the urban areas of the East. These  pool  cards were similar to the present

Logistics and Operations Management - The World Trade Organization Assignment

Logistics and Operations Management - The World Trade Organization - Assignment Example These negotiations were held under GATT or General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. In the present times, there are new negotiations that the WTO is involved into under the ‘Doha Development Agenda’ instigated in the year 2001 (Understanding the WTO - Who we are, 2012). Countries, in general, encounter several challenges and problems while performing activities of trade across different countries. Thus negotiations and effective rules are required that are maintained by the WTO. Also, trade barriers are maintained by the rules that are set by the WTO, helping to protect consumers of such trade activities (Understanding the WTO - Who we are, 2012). The present study focuses on the work of the WTO and to analyze the impact that it has on world trade. Thus the study would analyze the outcomes of the various summits that have taken place since the end of the Second World War and consider the impact they have had on world trade. For this particular study, interpretivism research philosophy has been found to be applicable for this particular research study as it combines diverse approaches together and tries to understand the world as it is experienced (Collins, 2010, pp.38-39). The study has been based on qualitative research technique that involves the description of the types and qualities of people or events without expressing them in the form of numerical figures (Thomas, 2003, pp.1-2). The collection of data for the study has been dependent on secondary sources, thus involving sources that present studies and findings of earlier researchers and information that are already available concerning the topic of study (Malhotra, 2008, p.106). Thus books and authenticated internet articles, the website of WTO have been included in this study to learn about the works of the WTO, and their effects on world trade. While including such study materials, ethical factors have also been kept significantly under focus and the credibility of the sources have also been checked.  Ã‚  

Ptsd Paper Essay Example for Free

Ptsd Paper Essay Trauma, and People Kacie D. Buchanan COM/156 April 12, 2013 It has been estimated, from Michelle Rosenthal (2012), that 70% of all U. S. citizens experience some type of trauma in their life and an estimated 8% have PTSD. War veteran diagnosed PTSD have jumped up 50% in 2012, and 1 out of every five veterans that return from Irag are diagnosed with this disorder. It is sad to think of the children that go through trauma, but an estimated 15-43% of girls and 14-43% of boys will experience a traumatic event. As many as 30- 60% of these children will go through the trauma and come out with PTSD. Personal doubt has lead me to try to figure out how this disorder comes about, and if there is a way an individual can be misdiagnosed. There are many reasons an individual may have PTSD, its finding the trauma and the cause so you can then find a cure. For as long as we can remember there have been stories about the trauma that war veterans go through daily, they relive the trauma, and it can bring on PTSD. Post-traumatic stress syndrome in war veterans is very different than the trauma anyone else can go through, it is harder for them to cope with because of the level of trauma they have been through. Christine Stephens, Nigel Long, and Ross Flett (1998) had done a New Zealand study of 527 working police officers were given the PTSD test to show there results, their results were that police officers with military combat backgrounds had some of the highest test results of anyone tested. These victims of war have to relive the nightmare every time they hear a loud crash, bang, or pop they feel like they have to run for cover or hide because that fear has been put into their minds that if they do not save themselves they will die. In most cases military personnel have come home and have shown no sign of PTSD and passed all tests with a negative result for the disorder, it was six months to a year later that the individuals start to experience signs and symptoms of PTSD. These tests can include an officer sitting in front of a computer screen with random flashes of picture’s, there are children,  dogs sniffing blood, soldiers cowering in fear, and death. The doctor monitors stress levels and how many times the officer blinks and from that can see if the officer will most likely develop PTSD, because after all this is just a theory for military doctors trying to help soldier. Right now, we cant determine with certainty who will and who wont develop PTSD, said P aula Schnurr (2009), deputy executive director of the Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Perhaps with better measures, we can get closer. In 1980 is when the PTSD in adults came about with the war veterans, there were also numerous adults that had been diagnosed at this time but when it came to children there were no cases because it was primarily a disorder that had been focused around adults. (Kaminer, Seedat, Stein, 2005) â€Å"Studies indicate that children can develop PTSD after exposure to a range of traumatic stressors, including violent crime, sexual abuse, natural disasters, and war. Where relatively standardized assessment methods have been used, the incidence of PTSD among childsurvivors of specific disasters ranges from 30 to 60%. As yet there are no epidemiological studies of the prevalence of PTSD among children in the general population; however, community studies in the United States have consistently indicated that around 40% of high school students have experienced some form of domestic or community violence, and between 3 and 6% have PTSD. † When children develop these disorders some of the trauma can affect them ten times worse than that of an adult because children are so impressionable and delicate. With children and war veterans the symptoms are quite similar when concerning the nightmares, sleep disturbances, intrusive memories, and flashback experiences. In children however I have read that nightmares become more generalized and not specific, and also re-experiencing can take place through actual events and not only memories that can play in one’s mind. When dealing with PTSD we need to remember that children can be more delicate than an average human being, something that doesn’t traumatize you could definitely hurt a child and scar them for a life with PTSD. When I say normal human beings I mean it as a range of adults between the ages of 18 and over. The reason I give this age group is because anyone under the age of 18 are still considered a child and therefore I feel can still be influenced differently than someone who has been through the trauma, and it didn’t affect them at all. This is involved with civilians of PTSD, the different types of civilian PTSD can be defined as car accidents, death, change in home/work, or even going through a disaster such as angry Mother Nature. The problem with people nowadays isn’t PTSD as a disorder, because PTSD can be a real life disorder, it is the individuals that try to use PTSD as an excuse to be lazy and escape responsibility. One example of this is, recently in the news there was a murder case involving Jodi Arias. Jodi Arias has been accused of murdering her boyfriend, and to escape blame she has told the court that she has a disorder, PTSD to be exact. When faced with the tests from all the doctors you would think that she could get caught if she were faking it. According to her psychologist Richard Samuel whom was put on the stand to answer an array of over 100 questions and to defend his work he said â€Å"I made an arithmetic error which does not affect the utility of the test, Samuels insisted, adding that regardless of the changing scores because of his calculation errors, Arias still would have been diagnosed with PTSD. Each time that I scored it, Ms. Arias met or even exceeded the minimum criteria for the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder. So when it came time to see the results we didn’t know what to believe. After all if her doctor is changing scores how to we believe that there is no disorder there. Time after time we come into contact with trauma and you have to think to yourself, Will the trauma caused affect different kinds of people differently? Well I have come to the conclusion that it does because not everyone is the same. It takes a strong individual to go through trauma and come out of the other side. Personal testimony is the best research I have done and I have been told by a close friend of mine, †You cannot let trauma stop your life, you have to learn how to get over your past and leave it there. Because after all that is where the past belongs, in the past† (Kat Brower, 2013). This individual is a very strong person, loves life and knows that there are more to worry about than past experienced, she has moved on and has let the wrong in her life make her stronger. With all of the symptoms that come with PTSD you have to be sure what you are going through, you just need to know you are not alone. Knowing whether the trauma that you have been through will cause PTSD is the biggest challenge, and also finding your cure. I have learned in doing this research that, it has helped me understand how to deal with my personal experiences in life that has made me doubt a close friend. I have decided I need to come to my own conclusions whether or not I am going to trust the disease is real or if the stories are in fact just stories. Hundreds of Americans are diagnosed with this disorder, its finding out who is using the disorder to escape the responsibility of life. References: Associated Press, (January 4, 2012), Types of Trauma: War. www. ptsd. va. gov. Retrieved on March 22, 2013. Associated Press, (November 20, 2009), Mental Health Effects of Serving in Afghanistan and Iraq. www. ptsdsupport. com. Retrieved on March 22, 2013 Kaminer, D. , Seedat, S. , Stein, D. J. , (June 2005), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children, 4(2): 121-125. www. ncbi. nim. nih. gov. Retrieved on March 24, 2013. Crimesider Staff, Tingle, T. , (March 25, 2013), Jodi Arias Trial: Expert defends murder defendant’s diagnosis of PTSD, amnesia. www. cbsnews. com. Retrieved March 25, 2013 Personal insight and quote from Brower, K. , (March 21, 2013) Rosenthal, M. , (2012) Statistics, www. healmyptsd. com, Retrieved March 30, 2013

The Science Guys - Theories of Evolution :: essays research papers

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) Today, the name of Lamarck is associated merely with a discredited theory of heredity, the "inheritance of acquired traits." However, Charles Darwin, Lyell, Haeckel, and other early evolutionists acknowledged him as a great zoologist and as a forerunner of evolution. To be fair to Lamarck, we should mention that since the time of Linnaeus, few naturalists had considered the invertebrates worthy of study. The word "invertebrates" did not even exist at the time; Lamarck coined it. The invertebrate collections at the Musà ©e were enormous and rapidly growing, but poorly organized and classified. Although the professors at the Musà ©e were theoretically equal in rank, the professorship of "insects and worms" was definitely the least prestigious. But Lamarck took on the enormous challenge of learning -- and creating -- a new field of biology. The sheer number and diversity of invertebrates proved to be both a challenge and a rich source of knowledge. What Lamarck actually believed was more complex: organisms are not passively altered by their environment. Instead, a change in the environment causes changes in the needs of organisms living in that environment, which in turn causes changes in their behavior. Altered behavior leads to greater or lesser use of a given structure or organ; use would cause the structure to increase in size over several generations, whereas disuse would cause it to shrink or even disappear. This rule -- that use or disuse causes structures to enlarge or shrink -- Lamarck called the "First Law" in his book Philosophie zoologique. Lamarck's "Second Law" stated that all such changes were heritable. The result of these laws was the continuous, gradual change of all organisms, as they became adapted to their environments; the physiological needs of organisms, created by their interactions with the environment, drive Lamarckian evolution. Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) Carl Linnaeus, also known as Carl von Linnà © or Carolus Linnaeus, is often called the Father of Taxonomy. His system for naming, ranking, and classifying organisms is still in wide use today (with many changes). Erusmus Darwin He did discuss ideas that his grandson elaborated on sixty years later, such as how life evolved from a single common ancestor, forming "one living filament". He wrestled with the question of how one species could evolve into another. Although some of his ideas on how evolution might occur are quite close to those of Lamarck, Erasmus Darwin also talked about how competition and sexual selection could cause changes in species

Of Mice and Men Paper Essay

Dreams can be that one thing that keeps us alive. The hope of that dream becoming real makes us feel like a big stable mountain which cannot break. Will, courage and hard work are all elements which can improve your life, just like the American dream. In John Steinbeck’s short novel, â€Å"Of Mice And Men† published in 1937, he describes how two men is chasing the American dream by believing that they can achieve their goals. In the story we see how two men, George and Lennie, desperately are trying to chase the American dream. We get an introduction of George and Lennie, and we quickly find out that George is the brain and Lennie is the strength. We are also aware of the reason why they left their work in the weed, which is Lennie’s accident by touching a girl’s dress. While they are on the move to a ranch where they want to find work, we also get an introduction to their big dream, a dream of owning their own farm. When they later on find work at a ranch, Lennie accidently kills the boss’s daughter-in-law and George makes an end to Lennie’s miseries by shooting him in the back of the head. George and Lennie make many friends along their journey. And some of them are willing to make sacrifices so they can join George and Lennie’s big dream. Some place in the story many characters including George and Lennie, confess that they have a dream. For instance Curly’s wife, before she dies she says that her biggest desire is to be a movie star. There is also a character like old Candy. He offers all his money and his inheritance to George so he can join their dream. Then we have the character like poor Crook. Crook is the black one on the ranch and his awareness of that fact shines through when he offers George to do the dirty work on the farm, just like doing the dishes. While all these dreams, sacrifices and ideas are being presented they all began to wonder. â€Å"They fell into a silence. They looked at one another, amazed. This thing they had never really believed in was coming true.† (P. 63. L. 13 – 15) This happens because it could be wonderful if the dream came true, but the question is, is the dream better of as a dream? Maybe something that they can believe in, which is so big and astonishing, is better than the tough reality? Then there are all the great expectations. The big dream that gives them hope would be ruined if the reality of the dream turns out to be a catastrophic disappointment. Those are thoughts running through their minds undergoing the silent gap. The choice of language is giving a certain impression about George’s thoughts of their dream. â€Å"I remember about the rabbits, George. The hell with the rabbits. That’s all you can ever remember is them rabbits.† (P.4, 5 l. 32-1) This is the place where we first hear about the dream of theirs. It seems like Lennie is more dedicated to this dream than George is. The fact that George says â€Å"them rabbits† gives the impression of what he really thinks of the dream, that it might be kind of foolish. Rabbits are often mentioned in the novel because they represent Lennie’s dream. This is noticed every time Lennie wants George to tell about their dream. To George, the farm, the eggs, the vegetables etc. are all dreams and happiness, but to Lennie happiness is having access to the rabbits. So Lennie is very eager about the rabbits, but he also has a habit of hurting the animals that he pets. Deep down, he knows that he is hurting them because he sees and hears this enormous, creepy and cruel rabbit, in the end of the story. This hallucination is his own mind speaking to him; his dream will never come true. Rabbits never actually emerge in the novel, but though they fill a great part. This really makes it clear to us, that Lennie’s dream will never come true. The dream falls apart and turns into dust after Lennie is dead, but until then everybody are very excited about it. By looking at the second quote we can conclude that it was Lennie’s dream all along. This is also why the others do not fulfill the dream. They rather want a hope and a dream they can escape into when the reality is cruel. They are aware of possible consequences of fulfilling the dream, but Lennie was not. The dream of having access to rabbits kept Lennie alive all along and nothing could break him. With the help of the hallucination of the enormous rabbit, he realizes that his dream will never come true. After that realization he dies.

Daubert V. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Brandon Pond New England Institute of Technology Case Studies in Criminal Forensics CJ 372. 57 Professor Michael Pezzullo October 24, 2012 Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals The 1993 Supreme Court case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, like many high-profile court cases, set a precedent for future court causes of a similar background. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals was a pharmaceutical company based out of Kansas City, Missouri which was founded in 1950.Originally named â€Å"Marion Laboratories† after its founder Ewing Marion Kauffman, Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals specifically developed pharmaceuticals that had yet to be marketed by other pharmaceutical companies after being discovered and researched. As a result, Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals are credited for producing several high-quality and extremely popular drugs even in modern day, including the Nicorette anti-smoking gum and Cepacol mouthwash.However, in an attempt to recei ve credit for popular and effective pharmaceutical production over other companies, Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals earned a reputation of producing drugs without sufficient research of potential side-effects. As a result, Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals were I involved in an extremely high-profile U. S. Supreme Court case, titled â€Å"Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals. This 1993 court case put pressure on the pharmaceutical company to close their doors and sell the company just three years later in 1996. Jason Daubert and Eric Schuller were both born in San Diego, California with visible physical defects.At birth, Daubert was missing three fingers on his right hand and was missing a bone in the lower part of his right arm. Schuller was born without a left hand and a leg which was shorter than the other. In 1993, Daubert and Schuller, along with their parents, elected to sue Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, the manufacturer of the drug Bendectin, an anti-nausea medication both the boysâ €™ mothers were prescribed and consumed during their pregnancies. Bendectin had been already removed from the market in 1983 after numerous claims that the medication ad caused birth defects in children. Despite the claims that the drug had caused birth defects in a number of children, scientific research behind Bendectin showed no evidence that the drug is question produced birth defects in fetuses. The case was taken to a California state court, where it was ultimately moved to a Federal Court following a successful motion of diversity, ultimately meaning if a party in a case is established in a state differing from the state where the trial is being heard, the trial can be upgraded to a federal court.At the federal court trial, Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals presented an expert witness, Dr. Lamm, who provided his opinion tht Bendectin has no proven components that are consistent with causing birth defects in humans. Following the expert witness presentation, Merrell Dow Pharmace uticals filed a motion for summary judgment, stating that following their presentation of a certified expert witness that stated Bendectin does not have components which produce birth defects, there was no longer a necessity for continuation of the trial.Schuller and Daubert, however, submitted a total of eight expert witnesses of their own possessing various accreditation and credentials, stating that Bendectin indeed had the potential of causing birth defects in humans. The eight expert witnesses expressed their opinions based upon a scientific study regarding in-vitro and in-vivo techniques during animal studies. During the time in which the case was heard in 1993, in-vitro and in-vivo animal testing was not recognized as a legitimate methodology that had not yet been established as common practice within the scientific community.As a result, the expert witnesses presented by Schuller and Daubert were deemed inadmissible in court, and Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical’s motion fo r summary judgment was approved at the district court level. Daubert then appealed their case to the appellate court at the 9th circuit court of appeals, re-introducing their expert witnesses’ opinion that Bendectin indeed can cause birth defects, backing their opinions with in-vitro and in-vivo research. The 9th circuit court determined that the district court had correctly approved Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical’s motion for summary judgement, using the 1923 U. S.Supreme Court Case Frye v. United States as their basis for their decision. Frye v. Unites States dealt with the inadmissibility of a blood-pressure lie-detection method into court proceedings because it had not yet become â€Å"generally accepted† as a reliable scientific practice. In addition, the 9th circuit stated that it was the court’s opinion that the evidence in which Daubert and Schuller were presenting was designated for litigation, and without their presentation of expert witnesses, Daub ert and Schuller had no sufficient evidence to prove that the Bendectin drug indeed can cause birth defects in humans.The 9th circuit court upheld the U. S. district court’s decision, but filed a motion of certiorari to the U. S. Supreme Court, anticipating the higher court to review their decision on the case, a motion the U. S. Supreme Court ultimately agreed to hear. At the U. S. Supreme Court, the court determined that â€Å"general acceptance† is not a justified precondition of the admission of scientific evidence into court. According to the Federal Rules of Evidence, there is no requirement that specifically stated that scientific evidence has to have a â€Å"general acceptance† in order to be admissible into court.In particular, Rule 702 of the Federal Rules of Evidence states that the judge during the trial has the discretion to determine whether or not an expert witnesses’ testimony is based upon a â€Å"reliable foundation† and is  "relevant to the task at hand†. The Supreme Court also determined that any evidence with â€Å"scientifically valid principles† will be sufficient to fulfill the two aforementioned requirements. Ultimately, the U. S. Supreme Court overturned the decision of the 9th circuit court of appeals, and eliminated Frye v.United States from judicial review practices during determination of evidence admissibility. After having the case reintroduced into the lower court, the lower court again sided with Merrell Row Pharmaceuticals, determining that there was no sufficient evidence that the use of in-vitro and in-vivo research methods fulfilled the task-relevancy and reliable foundation requirements. Despite the ruling, the Rule 702 of the Federal Rules of Evidence, currently known as the Daubert Test, has fully replaced the Frye Test in all evidence admissibility review cases.Overall, the Daubert v. Merrell Row Pharmaceuticals case has played an overwhelmingly significant role in m odern day Criminal Justice and the way court proceedings are carried out. This case is responsible for single-handedly changing the landscape in which evidence is analyzed for admissibility. Prior to this case, evidence admissibility was based around a U. S. Supreme Court case that was decided way back in 1923, 70 years prior to the Daubert case. The Frye Test had simply lost its base in modern day Criminal Justice, and the Daubert Test rovides justices within a court setting to have the overall determination of whether evidence fulfills two simple requirements. As more and more cases are presented into criminal courts, and more technological advances are produced, statutes, laws, and precedents need to change to accommodate for the new technology. In this instance, the Frye Test surrounded a blood-pressure style lie-detection test, technology that was so advanced and profound that it hadn’t even been considered an accepted scientific practice.In modern day, there are even mo re advanced forms of lie-detection software that individuals involved in the Frye v. United States case could not even imagine. There is no question that there needs to be some sort of decisive test to determine what types of evidence should be admitted into court proceedings, and what types of evidence should be excluded. Not all evidence can be included, because there would be no way of determining the credibility of the evidence being introduced into court.It would simply not be fair to a defendant at trial to be incriminated using evidence that isn’t proven to be sufficient, and would not otherwise pass some sort of evidence admissibility test. By using the Daubdert admissibility test, however, it provides judges leading a trial proceeding to have the overall determination of whether or not evidence fulfills the Daubert Test. The Daubert Test states that evidence must both have â€Å"scientifically valid principles† and must be â€Å"relevant to the task at handâ € .This may sound like a productive test for all evidence. I agree that the Daubert Test is indeed a good test, though only to some degree. One of the justices that heard the Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals case at the U. S. Supreme Court level admitted that while he understood his ability to have the overall determination of all evidence admissibility in the case, the magnitude of scientific advancements involved in the case was certainly out of his expertise, as well as the other justices within the U. S. Supreme Court.I do not feel it is right to put evidence admissibility into the hands of justices whom have a expertise in legal practices and the judicial system, rather than bimolecular engineering, pharmaceuticals, or any other scientific field. However, with that said, I do feel that the Daubert Test is certainly a step in the right direction. I firmly believe that the Daubert Test will uphold until another case similar to the Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals c ase will force new improvements into the standards of evidence admissibility. Works Cited Angier, Natalie. Two Pre-decision Articles on the Daubert Case (rules forscientific evidence). † Free Legal Information & Forms | The ‘Lectric Law Library. The New York Times, 2 Jan. 1993. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. ;http://www. lectlaw. com/files/lit03. htm;. Annas, George. â€Å"Legal Issues in Medicine. † Scientific Evidence in the Courtroom — The Death of the Frye Rule. Version 330. Georgetown University, 7 Apr. 1994. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. . BRODY, JANE E.. â€Å"SHADOW OF DOUBT WIPES OUT BENDECTIN – NYTimes. com. The New York Times – Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. The New York Times, 19 June 1983. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 509 U. S. 579 (1993).. † LII | LII / Legal Information Institute. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. . Mahle, Stephen. â€Å"An Introduction to Daubert v. Merrell Dow. † DaubertEx pert. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. .

The Importance of the Ordeal in the Heros Journey

The Importance of the Ordeal in the Heros Journey The Ordeal is the critical moment in every story, a major source of magic in heroic myth, according to Christopher Vogler, author of The Writers Journey: Mythic Structure. The hero stands in the deepest chamber of the inmost cave and faces a direct confrontation with his greatest fear. No matter what the hero came for, it’s Death that now stares back at her. She is brought to the brink of death in a battle with a hostile force. The hero of every story is an initiate being introduced to the mysteries of life and death, Vogler writes. She must appear to die so she can be reborn, transformed. The ordeal is a major crisis in the story, but its not the climax, which happens closer to the end. The ordeal is usually the central event, the main event of the second act. A crisis, according to Webster’s, is when hostile forces are in the tensest state of opposition. The hero’s crisis, as frightening as it is, is the only way to victory, according to Vogler. Witnesses are an important part of the crisis. Someone close to the hero witnesses the hero’s apparent death and the reader experiences it through their point of view. Witnesses feel the pain of death, and when they realize the hero still lives, their grief, as well as the reader’s, suddenly, explosively, turns to joy, Vogler states. Readers Love to See Heroes Cheat Death Vogler writes that in any story, the writer is trying to lift the reader, raise their awareness, heighten their emotions. Good structure works as a pump on the reader’s emotions as the hero’s fortunes are raised and lowered. Emotions depressed by the presence of death can rebound in an instant to a higher state than before. Just as on a roller coaster, you’re hurled around until you think you might die, Vogler writes, and you get off elated that you’ve survived. Every story needs a hint of this experience or it’s missing its heart. The crisis, a halfway point, is a divide in the hero’s journey: the top of the mountain, the heart of the forest, the depth of the ocean, the most secret place in his soul. Everything in the trip has to lead up to this point, and everything after is about going home. There may be greater adventures to come, the most exciting even, but every journey has a center, a bottom or a peak somewhere near the middle. Nothing will ever be the same after the crisis. The most common ordeal is some sort of battle or confrontation with the opposing force, which usually represents the hero’s own shadow, according to Vogler. No matter how alien the villain’s values, in some way they are the dark reflection of the hero’s own desires, magnified and distorted, her greatest fears come to life. The unrecognized or rejected parts are acknowledged and made conscious despite all their struggles to remain in darkness. Death of the Ego The ordeal in myth signifies the death of the ego. The hero has soared above death and now sees the connectedness of all things. The hero has risked his life for the sake of the larger collective. The Wicked Witch is enraged that Dorothy and her friends have penetrated the inmost cave. She threatens each of them with death. She lights Scarecrow on fire. We feel the horror of his imminent death. Dorothy grabs a bucket of water to save him and ends up melting the witch. We watch her agonizing death instead. After a moment of being stunned, everyone is related, even the witch’s minions. This article is part of our series on the heros journey, starting with The Heros Journey Introduction and The Archetypes of the Heros Journey.

Hitler Youth and the Indoctrination of German Children

Hitler Youth and the Indoctrination of German Children Education came under heavy control in Nazi Germany. Adolf Hitler believed the youth of Germany could be totally indoctrinated to support the Volk- a nation made up of the most superior of the human races- and the Reich, and the system would never face an internal challenge to Hitlers power again. This mass brainwashing was to be achieved in two ways: the transformation of the school curriculum, and the creation of bodies like the Hitler Youth. The Nazi Curriculum The Reich Ministry of Education, Culture and Science took control of the education system in 1934, and while it didn’t change the structure it inherited, it did major surgery on the staff. Jews were sacked en mass (and by 1938 Jewish children were barred from schools), teachers with rival political views were sidelined, and women were encouraged to start producing children rather than teach them. Of those who remained, anyone who didn’t seem dedicated enough to the Nazi cause was retrained in Nazi ideas. This process was aided by the creation of the National Socialist Teachers League, with affiliation basically required in order to retain a job, as evidenced by a 97% membership rate in 1937. Grades suffered. Once the teaching staff was organized, so was what they taught. There were two main thrusts of the new teaching: To prepare the population to better fight and breed, physical education was given much more time in schools. To better prepare children to support the state, Nazi ideology was given to them in the form of an exaggerated German history and literature, outright lies in science, and German language and culture to form the Volk. Hitlers Mein Kampf was heavily studied, and children gave Nazi salutes to their teachers as a show of allegiance. Boys of notional ability, but more importantly the right racial makeup, could be earmarked for future leadership roles by being sent to specially created elite schools. Some schools that selected pupils based solely on racial criteria ended up with students too intellectually limited for the program or rule. The  Hitler Youth The most infamous of these programs was Hitler Youth. The Hitler Jugend had been created long before the Nazis had taken power, but had seen only a tiny membership. Once the Nazis began to coordinate children’s passage, its membership rose dramatically to include millions. By 1939, membership was compulsory for all children of the right age. There were, in fact, several organizations under this umbrella: The German Young People, which covered boys aged 10–14, and the Hitler Youth itself from 14–18. Girls were taken into the League of Young Girls from 10–14, and the League of German Girls from 14–18. There was also the Little Fellows for children aged 6–10. Even those children wore uniforms and swastika armbands. The treatment of boys and girls was quite different: While both sexes were drilled in Nazi ideology and physical fitness, the boys would perform military tasks like rifle training, while the girls would be groomed for a domestic life or nursing soldiers and surviving air raids. Some people loved the organization and found opportunities they would not have had elsewhere because of their wealth and class, enjoying camping, outdoor activities and socializing. Others were alienated by the increasingly military side of a body designed solely to prepare children for unbending obedience. Hitler’s anti-intellectualism was partly balanced by the number of leading Nazis with a university education. Nonetheless, those going on to undergraduate work more than halved and the quality of graduates fell. However, the Nazis were forced into backtracking when the economy improved and workers were in demand. When it became apparent women with technical skills would be valuable, the numbers of women in higher education, having fallen, rose sharply. The Hitler Youth is one of the most evocative Nazi organizations, visibly and effectively representing a regime that wanted to remake the whole of German society into a brutal, cold, quasi-medieval new world- and it was willing to start by brainwashing children. Given how the young are viewed in society and the general desire to protect, seeing ranks of uniformed children saluting remains chilling. That the children had to fight, in the failing stages of the war, is one of the many tragedies of the Nazi regime.

Assay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Assay - Essay Example He replied that the symptoms manifested the day before, and that he has not had any medications as yet. He appeared to be a very healthy man in his forties. The pharmacist later revealed to me that the patient was a regular at the pharmacy. The patient’s blood pressure and cholesterol levels were within normal range and he did not suffer any medical conditions. After the interview, I observed that the pharmacist advised him to take Dimetapp which is an over-the-counter, no-drowse, cough and cold remedy. The pharmacist also advised him to increase his water intake in order to facilitate his recovery from his colds. A review of various articles and researches on the effectiveness of non-antibiotic remedies for cough and colds revealed that the most promising remedies for cough and colds include â€Å"dextromethorphan, bisolvon, and guiaphenesin for cough, antihistamine- decongestant combinations for a wide range of symptoms, nasal decongestants (at least for the first dose) and possibly zinc lozenges† (Arroll, p. 1478). Dimetapp is an antihistamine-decongestant, hence highly recommended for colds and cough. Another patient came in to buy a sedative nasal decongestant. I observed the pharmacist interview where the pharmacist asked him if he was taking any other medication, and he said he was taking Exxefor. I reviewed my knowledge of Exxefor and was able to establish that Exxefor is an antidepressant classified as an SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor). It is a prescription drug for major depressive and anxiety disorders. This drug is also contraindicated for patients who are hypersensitive to Venlafaxine. I was further able to establish that the most common side-effects for Exxefor are the following: headache, nausea, insomnia, dry mouth, dizziness, and sweating. When taken with any sedative drug, the chances for the occurrence of these side-effects would increase. I then understood why the

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 19

Summary - Essay Example The rationale of this paper has been to improve the quality of service delivery and develop the investment of human capital in serving this noble task. According to Liu 2006, plans are fundamentally important to improve human resource for tourism by the local individuals to conform to grow and more sophisticated demands in the developing countries. There is increasing concern for academic institutions to go beyond the hospitality orientation and further integrate and equip personnel with quality and practical skills. Despite the fact that tourism has been prioritized in the national development plan, there have been minimal efforts employed to improve human resource for tourism, which is essential in achieving this plan (Dale & Robinson,  2012, p.  82). Institutional framework and concerns have constrained the type and focus of accumulation of human capital in developing countries. International standard compliance and professionalism has limited individual involvement through integrating local cultural concerns. Liu and wall addressed conceptual reflection of the accumulation of human capital in tourism in a policy-industry-locality structure that includes broad issues of tourism policy, employment concerns that influence tourism in the developing countries and the contribution of local people in this industry. They also identified the nature and the probability of acquiring education or rather training facilities and opportunities for developing countries. The primary concern of this article was to identify and determine the contribution of tourism plan and policies as well as tourism institutions and opportunities in delivering internationally demanded human resource for tourism (Sigala,  2012, p.  96). The article identified that local tourism plans and policies have not been adequately addressed human resource issues for tourism.

Is the Canadian Prime Minister, Stephen Harper too powerful Essay

Is the Canadian Prime Minister, Stephen Harper too powerful - Essay Example Harper's role as the prime minister of Canada grants him the ability to control the interactions of resources in foreign countries, for instance, aiding countries such as Israel in the past, and present. This not only which presents the image of wealthy, authoritative force that dramatically affects not only his home country but those countries outside of Canada.Harper's role as the prime minister of Canada grants him the ability to control the interactions of resources in foreign countries, for instance, aiding countries such as Israel in the past, and present. This not only which presents the image of wealthy, authoritative force that dramatically affects not only his home country but those countries outside of Canada.   Ultimately, power is everything to most people. It is every politician’s dream to yield power over others. Harper rose to power in 2006 when his party formed the government. In the 2011 elections, he formed a government which enjoys support in parliament. He controls both houses using his party, the conservative party. He is in no doubt powerful and yields immense power more than any other prime minister before him. He enjoys massive support in parliament since his party has more members than any other party. He is allowed to appoint senators and he recently made appointments that increased the number of conservatives in the Senate. This has made it easier for him to control the Senate. Harper is also a party leader.   He is the leader of the conservative party which gives him power because he is able to control policies and tactics within the party. Parliamentarians allied to the party are bound to party policies. Harper’s ability to control the ability has also empowered him. He is able to decide what the media says about him. Harper’s administration has the highest number of communication officials compared to any other administration before him.

Family dysfunction and youth homelessness

Family dysfunction and youth homelessness Introduction Youth homelessness is a major concern of society due to how vulnerable this population is. There has been a large amount of research pertaining to the topic of youth homelessness and different factors affecting their rehabilitation. The literature shows similar findings of family influence being a factor in a homeless (Tyler et Al., 2013; Stein et al., 2002). Additionally literature shows that a drug use and unstable housing conditions are found among homeless youth’s families (Ringwalt et al., 1998; Bucker et al. 1997; Hagen McCarthy, 1997). Although there is many studies addressing that there are multiple family moves, none of them address the specific reasons of why they moved. This family dysfunction has found to harbor cases of emotional, psychical, and sexual abuse (Colette Stephen, 2002; Bucker et al., 1997; Maclean et al., 1999; Ryan et al., 2000; Tyler et al., 2000). Youth may make attempts to leave the family home only to be returned home by authorities (Ferguson, 2009). This creates a cycle of running away and a distrust for authorities and services that can hinder the homeless youth’s rehabilitation into society. Family dysfunction and unstable housing can introduce traumatic events onto a youth giving way to mental disorders which are further developed while on the street (Kidd, 2004; Tyler et al., 2013; Dubas et al., 1996; Davidson Mansion, 1996). High victimization rates among homeless youth is a major factor creating traumatic events in their lives. The needs for a successful transition into adulthood will be addressed as well as a comparison of housed and homeless youth as they transition into adulthood. Both the housed and their unhoused counterparts share the same needs but the availability to access those needs differs ((Dubas et al., 1996; Fingerman et al., 2012; Tyler et al., 2013), showing the need for social services to fulfill those needs. Literature has also found that once a youth is on the streets they search for relationships usually with peers with similar backgrounds. (Ferguson, 2009). Furthermore literature states that being in a stable relationship helps with the rehabilitation out of homelessness (Toro et al., 2007 ; Chamberlain Johnson, 2008). However an unstable relationship may hinder a youth’s transition out of homelessness (Chris et al. 2008). Some relationships may also be two sided (Colette et al. 2002). This literature will be examined further on in the paper. The daily activities of homeless youth pose numerous threats and can coincide with the homeless youth population’s high rate of victimization (Hagen McCarthy, 1997; Tyler et al., 2010). Victimization can happen directly or indirectly to the homeless youth and both types share similar consequences (Tyler et al., 2010; Hoyt et al., 1999; Hagen McCarthy, 1997; Ferguson, 2009; Stewart et al., 2004; Kipke et al., 1997). Lastly the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the factors surrounding youth homelessness so that measurements as well as policy recommendations may be made to further develop intervention methods. Furthermore this paper aims to produce the following things; a measure of family moves among homeless youth, recommendations for early intervention on perspectives of social services, as well as a measurement of relationship strength. Literature Review Parental influence One of the most important factors in rehabilitation from youth homelessness is the stable relationships that the youth have. Family relationships for these youth are often clouded with neglect as well as abuse (Claudine, 2006; Toro et al., 2007; Tyler et al., 2013). Criminality, as well as drug use is common in the parents of homeless youth, and research has found found that most families of homeless youth were relying on social assistance (Ringwalt et al., 1998; Bucker et al. 1997). Stein et al. (2002), state that parental substance abuse can be linked to a youth’s own use of substances. Greene Ennett, and Ringwalt (1997) gathered and analyzed data from national representative survey and found that 75% of homeless youth used marijuana; 25% of them having used crack, cocaine, or inhalants; and 17% having engaged in injection drug use. Other family members such as siblings may influence a youth by exposing them to drug us as well. One youth who used marijuana stated that she di dn’t have any friends and her older sisters were the ones who introduced her to drugs (Tyler et Al., 2013). Housing Transitions It is also common that homeless youth experienced multiple house and school transitions prior to becoming homeless (Buckner et al., 1997). Moving multiple times creates an instability in the youth’s lives because they need to find new friends and do not have a stable household. Research has also found that homeless youth often report that they have not lived with both of their biological parents (Hagen McCarthy, 1997) However there is no measurements on the type of move as there may be different reasons for moving, with some circumstances causing more instability than others. This is an important gap to research because it can provide information on how certain types of house transitions affect the youth into becoming homeless. Also the distance moved should be accounted for because a move down the street may affect a youth differently than moving over larger distances Past Abuse Also Youth interviewed by Colette and Stephen(2002) generally shared a common dysfunctional family dynamic prior to becoming homeless which shows the similarities in the individuals. Previous literature backs this up as it was found that contributing to the familial dysfunction, domestic violence is a common experience in these homeless youth’s homes (Buckner et al. 1997). Emotional as well as physical abuse in the family home are consistently high in the homeless youth population (Maclean et al., 1999). Histories of family abuse and neglect can be seen in a study done by Ryan et al. (2000), which found that 33% of the participants did not experience either sexual or physical abuse in their family home which shows how high the rate of abuse is in this population. Findings of high emotional, sexual, and physical abuse has also been discovered by Tyler et al. (2000), who states that at least thirty percent of homeless youth have experienced sexual abuse in the home. Abused and neglected youth may try to escape their household only to be returned home by the police and social services. Repeated running away and being returned home by authorizes creates a cycle of running away, as youth view the streets as freedom from the neglect and abuses at home (Ferguson, 2009). There is a flaw in the way these youth are dealt with by the authorities and it can be related to the homeless youth’s reluctance to access services later on. There is no research highlighting a homeless youths early experiences with social services and how those experiences may affect their decision to access services later on. The problems associated with family dysfunction and abuse include poor school performance, conflict with peers and teachers, as well as conduct problems (Hagan et at., 1997; Bassuk et al., 1996). Previous literature backs up this claim that children and youth who experience neglect and abuse feel isolated, ostracized, seeing others as a threat, with a fear of rejection (Wagner et al., 2007; Bassuk et al., 1996). These early experiences can lead to a distrust of other people including social service workers, which hinders their ability for rehabilitation into contemporary society. The homeless youth’s family history leading to their perception on social services should be taken into account to further develop intervention strategies to encourage participation. Trauma Mental illness is an important factor when it comes to the rehabilitation of homeless youth and their transition into contemporary society. Kidd (2004), states that homeless youth and children are a high risk population who suffer from multiple problems including mental health. Family dysfunction is a major contributor to the poor mental health of homeless youth (Tyler et al., 2013). Many factors of family dysfunction can hinder a youth’s ability to develop mentally at the same rate as peers from non-dysfunctional families (Dubas et al., 1996). In addition to a hindered mental development, homeless youth have a higher risk of experiencing traumatic events in dysfunctional families (Dubas et al., 1996). It has been found that youth deal with their mental illnesses through peer guidance rather than through professionals (Davidson Manion, 1996). Without strong bonds youth who experience traumatic events often use drugs to mask those events with substance dependence (Greene et al ., 1996). Because the youth use their peers for advice more than professionals, strategies must be implemented in order show youth that professional help is the rational choice for advice. Transition to adulthood The departure from home is an expectation in North American society, and is also a major step into adulthood (Dubas et al., 1996). This stage of life is important because it shapes the way a youth live their life’s (Tyler et al., 2013), showing the need for stability in this stage of a youth’s life. Youth from stable family homes are still not prepared to make the transition into adulthood, often relying of family for both emotional as well as financial support to become self-sufficient (Fingerman et al., 2012). With youths in stable homes relying on their family bonds both emotionally and financially the dilemma with homeless youth transitioning into adulthood is apparent because of their lack of bonds and financial support. Seeing as homeless youth often come from poverty, their families may not have the means to support them financially as they gain skills to become self-sufficient. Also due to a families drug use, absence due to incarceration, and physical abuse, an d emotional abuse, the emotional support that is needed to make the transition into adulthood may not be available. These findings back up the need to implement early intervention strategies to show youth that the services are there to help them. Seeking Relationships After leaving the home, youth seek out relationships usually with peers with similar past experiences (Ferguson, 2009). In a study done on homeless youth between the ages of 14 and 26, it was found that being in a stable relationship positively influences the transition out of homelessness (Toro et al., 2007). These findings are corroborated through multiple qualitative interviews done by Chamberlain and Johnson (2008), which found that while the homeless youths had unstable or non-existent relationships at home, they had a network of peers with similar backgrounds in the streets. When homeless youth socialize with each other they gain a sense of belonging that they desire which seems like the reasonable decision to them (Chris et al., 2008). Toro and Johnston (2008) also state that once people become homeless they develop peer relationships with others that share their life experiences, and create a sense of belonging. Newly homeless youth who are seeking a sense of belonging should be able to find it through social services, although it has been found that participants in these services are un-cohesive (Fingerman et al., 2012). It is important to decide whether these relationships are actually positive or just perceived as positive by the youth. These street experienced peers influence the homeless youth into the subculture of homelessness, leading them to multiple risk factors which further entangles the homeless youth in the lifestyle and greatens the need for social services. An example of a relationship that could be either positive or negative would be what Colette and Stephen (2002) describe as street mentorship. These mentors can see the weakness in a newly homeless youth and will use them in exchange for street knowledge (Colette et al. 2002; Wilks et al., 2008). There needs to be a measurement created to more accurately measure relationship strengths taking into account that some relationships may be double edged. Street Victimization Once a youth is on the streets they face further stressors as well as well as a high rate of victimization (Tyler et al., 2010). Different activities these homeless youth may participate in include attempts to find work, asking for money from their family and peers, panhandling, prostitution, survival sex, dealing drugs, and theft (Hagen McCarthy, 1997; Tyler et al., 2010). The types of victimization experienced include verbal, physical, as well as sexual (Ferguson, 2009). A study done by Stewart et al., (2004) estimated the number of direct violent experiences of victimization to be 83% among homeless youth. This victimization can further develop existing mental health issues as well as develop new ones (Tyler et al., 2010). The consequences of victimization relating to mental health include post-traumatic stress disorder, depressive cycles, self-harm, drug use, and suicidal thoughts (Tyler et al., 2010; Hoyt et al., 1999). Indirect victimization is found to be almost as harmful as directly being victimized (Ferguson, 2009). Indirect victimization can include losing a loved one, experiencing threats, and the victimization of others (Ferguson, 2009; Kipke et al., 1997). Homeless youth often lose loved ones due to high rates of mortality among the population with suicide being the leading cause (Kidd Davidson, 2006). The mortality rate among homeless youth in Canada is eleven times higher than their peers (Shaw Dorling, 1998), showing that homeless youth are likely to experience the loss of one of their peers. Kipke et al. (1997) interviewed homeless youth and found that 16% have witnessed someone being sexually assaulted, 20% have seen someone get killed, and 72% have witnessed a violent attack. Developed measures/ Policy Recommendations Measures of Family Moves among Homeless Youth After reviewing the literature gaps relating to measurement as well as areas important to study have become apparent. First of all there are no comparative studies done on different circumstances in which families of homeless youth move homes and its relationship to a youth becoming homeless. This area is important to study so that a better understanding on the effect of multiple moves and their circumstances as they relate to a youth becoming homeless. This may help inform social workers on at risk children and youth at becoming homeless. First of all in order to measure the type of move a scale from zero to three will be devised. Youth who report having a more negative experience with a move will answer closer to three and a youth who has a more positive experience will choose closer to zero. All the scores of a youth will be added together depending on how many moves they have experienced. The higher the score the more at risk the youth is to becoming homeless. Each individual mov e can be examined to see what circumstances of moves creates a more negative experience for the youth. Also there is no data showing the relationship between distance that the youth’s family moves and the youth’s likelihood at becoming homeless. In order for this area to be researched a youth must be able to remember general addresses in order for the distanced moved to be measured. Multiple move distances can be added together in order to gain an insight on the total distance of moves the youth experiences. Also two groups need to be surveyed including a control group compromising of housed youth, and a study group who are currently homeless. I hypothesize that the study group will have significantly higher distances moved when compared to the control group. Youth whose families move over longer distances may have to break off relationships they have made as they enter a new area with no bonds to rely on. The youth who is in a new area may make they feel isolated due to the unfamiliarity. On the other hand I hypothesize that youth who are housed will have a lower distan ce of family moves. Shorter family moves allows the youth to stay in contact with friends and teachers and they give them emotional support. Early experiences with Social services and Current Perception of Social Services The early experiences that youth have with social services likely will have an impact on the way they perceive and use social services. In order to gain an insight on the way a youth perceives social services a qualitative interview should be used in order to gather thoughts and emotions felt by the homeless youth. A study should consist of homeless youth and should take into account the early experiences that a youth has with social services. These early experiences could include removal of siblings by a children’s aid worker, returning the homeless youth home due to police picking them up, interactions with teachers, as well as interactions with councilors. The early experiences can then be compared to the youth’s current perception on social services. This research will provide social workers with an insight on the reasons why social services are not used to their potential so that they can employ practices that can accompany these homeless youth’s needs. Relationship Strength Street relationships are hard to measure due to their negative and positive attributes. In order to find the strengths and weaknesses in street relationships a survey can be implemented accessing each relationship a homeless youth may have with another homeless youth. The following questions can be asked to represent different aspects of a relationship and can be evaluated to see whether street relationships are positive or negative. 0 will be looked at as negative and 5 will be looked at as positive. Overall these questions can determine the strengths and flaws of street relationships: How much comfort do you feel knowing that this person is there for you Could you rely on this person in an emergency Are drugs used when hanging around each other Are crimes committed when hanging around each other Has this person given advice that has allowed you to survive on the street? Has this person taken advantage of you(Selling drugs for them, or committed a crime for them) Discussion/ Conclusion Each individual homeless youth has a variety of factors that lead them to the streets and hinders their ability to leave. The previous literature done on homeless youth have done a good job finding the factors behind a youth becoming homeless but fail to go into detail on each individual factor. Using the scales developed above, further interviews can extract valuable information that can influence early intervention strategies. Also there is a sufficient amount of research done on the reasons why homeless youth avoid using social services. Little research is done the early experiences with social services but it remains important to research because it is unknown how these experiences have an effect of a homeless youth’s decision to use social services. There is also a large amount of literature showing that the type of relationship significantly affects whether or not a youth can escape homelessness. This survey can measure relationship strength and therefore evaluate whether or not that relationship is positive or negative. Finally future research can use these developed measures and policy recommendations to further research in the field. It is important that youth are exposed to positive experiences with social services early, so social service workers should educate youth early on about their programs and services available. Overall this paper examines the details that have been overlooked by the previous literature. Shaw, mortality among street youth in the UK Davidson and mansion facing the challenge: mental health and illness in Canadian youth 1996